Chapters

1. History’s Story
2. Wanderers and Settlers: The Ancient Middle East to 400 B.C.
3. The Chosen People: Hebrews and Jews, 2000 B.C. to A.D. 135
4. Trial of the Hellenes: The Ancient Greeks, 1200 B.C. to A.D. 146
5. Imperium Romanum: The Romans, 753 B.C. to A.D. 300
6. The Revolutionary Rabbi: Christianity, the Roman Empire, and Islam, 4 B.C. to A.D. 1453
7. From Old Rome to the New West: The Early Middle Ages, A.D. 500 to 1000
8. The Medieval Mêlée: The High and Later Middle Ages, 1000 to 1500
9. Making the Modern World: The Renaissance and Reformation, 1400 to 1648
10. Liberation of Mind and Body: Early Modern Europe, 1543 to 1815
11. Mastery of the Machine: The Industrial Revolution, 1764 to 1914
12. The Westerner’s Burden: Imperialism and Nationalism, 1810 to 1918
13. Rejections of Democracy: The InterWar Years and World War II, 1917 to 1945
14. A World Divided: The Cold War, 1945 to 1993
15. Into the Future: The Contemporary Era, 1991 to the Present

• Epilogue: Why Western Civilization?

Chapter 13

Rejections of Democracy: The Interwar Years and World War II, 1917 to 1945

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• Link to Primary Sources for this chapter
• Link to Art History for this chapter
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Decline of the West?
After the Great War, many perceived that Western Civilization was in crisis.

Russians in Revolt
The Russian Revolution created a new kind of totalitarian state.

Losing Their Grip
Western Imperialism reached its high point while starting to lose control of colonies.

Fascist Fury
Fascism came to dominate European politics.

Hitler’s Hatreds
The German version of fascism—Naziism—brought its leader Hitler to power.

The Roads to Global War
Fascist Japan and Nazi Germany launched into World War II.